Probes updates for v6.15:

- probe-events: Add comments about entry data storing code to clarify
   where and how the entry data is stored for function return events.
 
 - probe-events: Log error for exceeding the number of arguments to help
   user to identify error reason via tracefs/error_log file.
 
 - selftests/ftrace: Improve the ftracetest to add followngs.
   . Expand the tprobe event test to check if it can correctly find
     the wrong format tracepoint name.
   . Add new syntax error test to check whether error_log correctly
     indicates a wrong character in the tracepoint name.
   . Add a new dynamic events argument limitation test case which checks
     max number of probe arguments.
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Merge tag 'probes-v6.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace

Pull probes updates from Masami Hiramatsu:

 - probe-events: Add comments about entry data storing code to clarify
   where and how the entry data is stored for function return events.

 - probe-events: Log error for exceeding the number of arguments to help
   user to identify error reason via tracefs/error_log file.

 - Improve the ftracetest selftests:
    - Expand the tprobe event test to check if it can correctly find the
      wrong format tracepoint name.
    - Add new syntax error test to check whether error_log correctly
      indicates a wrong character in the tracepoint name.
    - Add a new dynamic events argument limitation test case which
      checks max number of probe arguments.

* tag 'probes-v6.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace:
  tracing: probe-events: Add comments about entry data storing code
  selftests/ftrace: Add dynamic events argument limitation test case
  selftests/ftrace: Add new syntax error test
  selftests/ftrace: Expand the tprobe event test to check wrong format
  tracing: probe-events: Log error for exceeding the number of arguments

kernel/trace/trace_eprobe.c

@@ -913,6 +913,8 @@ static int __trace_eprobe_create(int argc, const char *argv[])
 	}
 
 	if (argc - 2 > MAX_TRACE_ARGS) {
+		trace_probe_log_set_index(2);
+		trace_probe_log_err(0, TOO_MANY_ARGS);
 		ret = -E2BIG;
 		goto error;
 	}

kernel/trace/trace_fprobe.c

@@ -1199,8 +1199,11 @@ static int trace_fprobe_create_internal(int argc, const char *argv[],
 		argc = new_argc;
 		argv = new_argv;
 	}
-	if (argc > MAX_TRACE_ARGS)
+	if (argc > MAX_TRACE_ARGS) {
+		trace_probe_log_set_index(2);
+		trace_probe_log_err(0, TOO_MANY_ARGS);
 		return -E2BIG;
+	}
 
 	ret = traceprobe_expand_dentry_args(argc, argv, &dbuf);
 	if (ret)

kernel/trace/trace_kprobe.c

@@ -1007,8 +1007,11 @@ static int trace_kprobe_create_internal(int argc, const char *argv[],
 		argc = new_argc;
 		argv = new_argv;
 	}
-	if (argc > MAX_TRACE_ARGS)
+	if (argc > MAX_TRACE_ARGS) {
+		trace_probe_log_set_index(2);
+		trace_probe_log_err(0, TOO_MANY_ARGS);
 		return -E2BIG;
+	}
 
 	ret = traceprobe_expand_dentry_args(argc, argv, &dbuf);
 	if (ret)

kernel/trace/trace_probe.c

@@ -770,6 +770,10 @@ static int check_prepare_btf_string_fetch(char *typename,
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_FUNCTION_ARG_ACCESS_API
 
+/*
+ * Add the entry code to store the 'argnum'th parameter and return the offset
+ * in the entry data buffer where the data will be stored.
+ */
 static int __store_entry_arg(struct trace_probe *tp, int argnum)
 {
 	struct probe_entry_arg *earg = tp->entry_arg;
@@ -793,6 +797,20 @@ static int __store_entry_arg(struct trace_probe *tp, int argnum)
 		tp->entry_arg = earg;
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * The entry code array is repeating the pair of
+	 * [FETCH_OP_ARG(argnum)][FETCH_OP_ST_EDATA(offset of entry data buffer)]
+	 * and the rest of entries are filled with [FETCH_OP_END].
+	 *
+	 * To reduce the redundant function parameter fetching, we scan the entry
+	 * code array to find the FETCH_OP_ARG which already fetches the 'argnum'
+	 * parameter. If it doesn't match, update 'offset' to find the last
+	 * offset.
+	 * If we find the FETCH_OP_END without matching FETCH_OP_ARG entry, we
+	 * will save the entry with FETCH_OP_ARG and FETCH_OP_ST_EDATA, and
+	 * return data offset so that caller can find the data offset in the entry
+	 * data buffer.
+	 */
 	offset = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < earg->size - 1; i++) {
 		switch (earg->code[i].op) {
@@ -826,6 +844,16 @@ int traceprobe_get_entry_data_size(struct trace_probe *tp)
 	if (!earg)
 		return 0;
 
+	/*
+	 * earg->code[] array has an operation sequence which is run in
+	 * the entry handler.
+	 * The sequence stopped by FETCH_OP_END and each data stored in
+	 * the entry data buffer by FETCH_OP_ST_EDATA. The FETCH_OP_ST_EDATA
+	 * stores the data at the data buffer + its offset, and all data are
+	 * "unsigned long" size. The offset must be increased when a data is
+	 * stored. Thus we need to find the last FETCH_OP_ST_EDATA in the
+	 * code array.
+	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < earg->size; i++) {
 		switch (earg->code[i].op) {
 		case FETCH_OP_END:

kernel/trace/trace_probe.h

@@ -545,6 +545,7 @@ extern int traceprobe_define_arg_fields(struct trace_event_call *event_call,
 	C(BAD_BTF_TID,		"Failed to get BTF type info."),\
 	C(BAD_TYPE4STR,		"This type does not fit for string."),\
 	C(NEED_STRING_TYPE,	"$comm and immediate-string only accepts string type"),\
+	C(TOO_MANY_ARGS,	"Too many arguments are specified"),	\
 	C(TOO_MANY_EARGS,	"Too many entry arguments specified"),
 
 #undef C

kernel/trace/trace_uprobe.c

@@ -562,8 +562,14 @@ static int __trace_uprobe_create(int argc, const char **argv)
 
 	if (argc < 2)
 		return -ECANCELED;
-	if (argc - 2 > MAX_TRACE_ARGS)
+
+	trace_probe_log_init("trace_uprobe", argc, argv);
+
+	if (argc - 2 > MAX_TRACE_ARGS) {
+		trace_probe_log_set_index(2);
+		trace_probe_log_err(0, TOO_MANY_ARGS);
 		return -E2BIG;
+	}
 
 	if (argv[0][1] == ':')
 		event = &argv[0][2];
@@ -582,7 +588,6 @@ static int __trace_uprobe_create(int argc, const char **argv)
 		return -ECANCELED;
 	}
 
-	trace_probe_log_init("trace_uprobe", argc, argv);
 	trace_probe_log_set_index(1);	/* filename is the 2nd argument */
 
 	*arg++ = '\0';

tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/dynevent/add_remove_tprobe.tc

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 echo 0 > events/enable
 echo > dynamic_events
 
+SUBSYSTEM=kmem
 TRACEPOINT1=kmem_cache_alloc
 TRACEPOINT2=kmem_cache_free
 
@@ -24,4 +25,17 @@ grep -q myevent1 dynamic_events
 
 echo > dynamic_events
 
+# auto naming check
+echo "t $TRACEPOINT1" >> dynamic_events
+
+test -d events/tracepoints/$TRACEPOINT1
+
+echo > dynamic_events
+
+# SUBSYSTEM is not supported
+echo "t $SUBSYSTEM/$TRACEPOINT1" >> dynamic_events && exit_fail ||:
+echo "t $SUBSYSTEM:$TRACEPOINT1" >> dynamic_events && exit_fail ||:
+echo "t:myevent3 $SUBSYSTEM/$TRACEPOINT1" >> dynamic_events && exit_fail ||:
+echo "t:myevent3 $SUBSYSTEM:$TRACEPOINT1" >> dynamic_events && exit_fail ||:
+
 clear_trace

tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/dynevent/dynevent_limitations.tc

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+# description: Checking dynamic events limitations
+# requires: dynamic_events "imm-value":README
+
+# Max arguments limitation
+MAX_ARGS=128
+EXCEED_ARGS=$((MAX_ARGS + 1))
+
+check_max_args() { # event_header
+  TEST_STRING=$1
+  # Acceptable
+  for i in `seq 1 $MAX_ARGS`; do
+    TEST_STRING="$TEST_STRING \\$i"
+  done
+  echo "$TEST_STRING" >> dynamic_events
+  echo > dynamic_events
+  # Error
+  TEST_STRING="$TEST_STRING \\$EXCEED_ARGS"
+  ! echo "$TEST_STRING" >> dynamic_events
+  return 0
+}
+
+# Kprobe max args limitation
+if grep -q "kprobe_events" README; then
+  check_max_args "p vfs_read"
+fi
+
+# Fprobe max args limitation
+if grep -q "f[:[<group>/][<event>]] <func-name>[%return] [<args>]" README; then
+  check_max_args "f vfs_read"
+fi
+
+# Tprobe max args limitation
+if grep -q "t[:[<group>/][<event>]] <tracepoint> [<args>]" README; then
+  check_max_args "t kfree"
+fi
+
+# Uprobe max args limitation
+if grep -q "uprobe_events" README; then
+  check_max_args "p /bin/sh:10"
+fi

tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/dynevent/fprobe_syntax_errors.tc

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ check_error 'f:^foo.1/bar vfs_read'	# BAD_GROUP_NAME
 check_error 'f:^ vfs_read'		# NO_EVENT_NAME
 check_error 'f:foo/^12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345 vfs_read'	# EVENT_TOO_LONG
 check_error 'f:foo/^bar.1 vfs_read'	# BAD_EVENT_NAME
+check_error 't kmem^/kfree'       # BAD_TP_NAME
 
 check_error 'f vfs_read ^$stack10000'	# BAD_STACK_NUM